[Therapeutic effect and residues of a Gentavet preparation in chicks, piglets and calves]. / Lecheben efekt i ostatuchni veshtestva na preparata Gentavet pri pileta, praseta i teleta.

Studied were the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of the preparation Gentavet (containing gentamycin complex II) with pigs, birds and calves affected with colibacteriosis. It was found that in conc. 80,000 IU (0.08 g or 0.8 g) with the drinking water (1 lit.) given 14 days to birds lowered the mortality rate to a higher extent than Avimycin (containing oxitetracycline and neomycin). At the rate of 10,000 IU (0.01 g or 0.1 g) per kg body mass, orally, split in two for 24 h with newborn pigs Gentavet produced a very good prophylactic effect, and when used at a higher rate--16,000 IU (0.016 g or 0.16 g) per kg under the same conditions up to 90 per cent of the pigs with polyenteritis recovered. At 10,000 IU (0.01 g or 0.1 g) per kg body mass, orally, split in two for 24 h with newborn calves with colibacteriosis produced therapeutic and prophylactic effects. Gentamycin complex II residual amounts remained longest in the parenchymal tissue of the kidneys and liver. The withdrawal times in slaughtering birds, pigs, and calves treated with Gentavet should last from 30 to 46 days (31 days for birds, 46 days for pigs and calves of up to 100 kg, and 30 days for heifers of up to 400-500 kg). This period could be shortened 4 to 5 days if both kidneys and liver are to be eliminated after slaughter.

[Trial of trimedin action on chickens]. / Izpitvane deistvieto na trimedina pri pileta.

Investigations were carried out with a total of 421 broiler birds (four-line Cornish X Plymouth Rock hydbrids) within the age range of 2 days to 5 weeks. Determined was the acute toxicity of the combination sulfadimidine (SDM) + trimetoprim (TMP)--5 + 1 and the water-soluble formula of trimedin following the intraingluvial introduction with week-old birds. LD50 of the combinations SDM+TMP (5+1) was 3980 mg/kg (2780: 5690), and that of trimedin was 2038 mg/kg body mass. The biologic half-life of SDM ranged from 4.77 to 5.34 h, and that of TMP--from 4.81 to 5.71 h at the intraingluvial introduction of the combination SDM+TMP (5+1) at the rate of 0.06 g/kg. Demonstrated were the therapeutic levels of SDM and TMP during the whole period (10 days) of treatment with the combination SDM+TMP (5+1) given with the feed in conc. 500 ppm or at the application of trimedin alone via the drinking water in conc. 0.05%. It was found that trimedin used for 10 days with the drinking water in conc. 0.05 per cent with broilers at the experimental infection with Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum protected about 40 per cent of the birds, the latter remaining, however, carriers of the infection.

[T. faviforme sensitivity to the disinfecting action of various preparations]. / Chuvstvitelnost na T/faviforme kum dezinfektsionnoto deistvie na razlichni preparati.

Tested was the resistance of T. faviforme in pathological material to various disinfection agents. It was demonstrated that 1 per cent vofasteril, and 1.62 per cent perfumaric acid together with 1 per cent lauril sulphate and 5 per cent fessiasept kill the fungus at a 10 min. exposure. Perfumaric acid (1.62%), veraform (5%), fessiasept (3%) destroy T. faviforme for 15 to 20 min, and 0.6% vofasteril and 7-10% Cusulphate produce a fungicidal effect for 30 to 45 min. Fungicidal effects are produced with the use of veraform and vofasteril at the rate of 0.51/m2 of the disinfection solution. Aerosols, obtained by a method using no apparatus, employing 40 cm3 formalin, 20 cm3 water, and 30 g potassium permangante produce a fungicidal effect at a 20 h. exposure.

[Agents and methods for the disinfection of the integument of animals before slaughter]. / Prouchvane na sredstva i metodi za desinfektsiia na kozhnata pokrivka na zhivotnite predi klaneto.

Experiments were carried out to test the disinfection effect of some agents, such as chloramine B, chloramine B+ surface active substances, vofasteril (peracetic acid), perfumaric acid, and bradofen on a dry skin or when applied immediately after washing--in buffaloes, cattle, and swine. Parallel trials were conducted under conditions of the practice as well. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used as model organisms. Results showed that best disinfection effect have 1.5 percent chloramine B and 0.5 per cent peracetic acid (for dry skins), and 3.0 and 0.8 per cent of the same agents when applied on wet skins (immediately after washing). The animals should be slaughtered not earlier than 10 min and not later than 30 min following disinfection. The effect of disinfection is read best on impression preparations of agar (in aluminum folio).

[Relationship between the sensitivity of the delayed agglutination test and synthetic detergents]. / Povliiavane chuvstvitelnostta na bavnata aglutinatsionna reaktsiia ot sintetichni pochistvashti preparati.

Residual amounts of detergents (Losk, Bio-73, Alka-lux, Bourgas, Bourgaslux, and Vero) in a concentration of 10-5 to 10-7 in physiologic saline can inhibit the agglutination titers by 3 to 5 degrees. This could mislead in the assessment of the reaction with regard to its diagnostic value. It is admitted that the inhibition produced is due to changes in the antibodies--drop in the total protein and light variations in all protein fractions as well as in the probable surface deterioration of the antigen, leading to its defective agglutinability. It is suggested to rinse more than five times all glassware that has been cleaned with detergents.

[Effect of iosan and bradofen on the viruses of Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis and fowl pox]. / Deistvie na iozan i bradofen vurkhu virusite na psevdochumata, laringotrakheits i sharkodifteriiata po ptitsite

Tested was the effect of the iodoform preparation iosan and the quaternary ammonium preparation bradofen against the viruses of the Newcastle disease (strain La Sota), laryngotracheitis (strain TsNIIP) and fowl pox (strain FK) in birds. The following results were obtained: 1. To a concentration of 3% (262 ppm of active iodine) and exposure of 45 min. to iosan the virus of laryngotracheitis was sensitive; that of Newcastle disease perished at a conc. of 5% (525 ppm of active iodine for 15 min); and that of fowl pox was not inactivated at a 30 min. exposure to a conc. of 7% (875 ppm of active iodine.) 2. Bradofen inactivated the Newcastle disease virus in a conc. of 0.5 per cent for 30 min., while the pox virus withstood a conc. of 1.5% up to the 30 th min. The virus of laryngotracheitis was inactivated by a conc. of 2 per cent for 45 min. The disinfection effect of the tested preparations was assessed as satisfactory.

[Resistance of the causative agents of European foulbrood to oxidative disinfecting agents]. / Ustoichivost na prichinitelite na evropeiskiia gnilets kum niakoi okislitelni dezinfektsionni sredstva

Test materials and naturally infected materials from beehives were used to check the resistance of the European foulbrood causative agents to the disinfection agents vofasteril, performic acid, and iosan and iosan-CCT. It was that Bac. alvei spores are destroyed by 1.5 per cent solution of vofasteril for less than an hour's time and by 1.62 per cent solution of performic acid and 4 per cent iosan--for 4 hours. Bac. paraalvei are still more sensitive: they are destroyed by performic acid and iosan for 1--2 hours.. Sodium dodecylsulfate at the rate of 1 per cent, added to solutions of vofasteril and performic acid, speed up the disinfection action up to four times.